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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

一座中原煤城与红嘴鸥的“双向奔赴”******

　　平顶山市民观赏红嘴鸥。　庞秋霞　摄

　　中新网平顶山12月25日电 题：一座中原煤城与红嘴鸥的“双向奔赴”

　　记者 韩章云

　　“来啦！来啦！吃饭啦！”12月25日早上八点半，庞秋霞手持鸥粮准时来到平顶山的一处观鸟平台。随着一声声悠长的呼唤，原本在远处水面浮游的红嘴鸥闻讯起飞，向着她所在的位置聚集、盘旋。鸟儿们愉悦的鸣叫声，唤醒了城市的清晨。

　　犹如老友重逢，11月初，成群的红嘴鸥再次来到河南平顶山白龟山湿地省级自然保护区。2016年，当地首次发现成规模的红嘴鸥。此后，来这座中原煤城越冬的红嘴鸥一年比一年多。当地林业部门预计，今年到访的红嘴鸥最多可达6000余只。远道而来的红嘴鸥备受当地市民喜爱，冬日湖畔赏鸥成为一道风景。

　　红嘴鸥在平顶山白龟湖捕食。　庞秋霞 摄

　　今年60岁的庞秋霞，是“鹰城精灵红嘴鸥守护团队”的一名志愿者。该团队成立三年来已有70余名成员。每年冬季红嘴鸥到来后，志愿者们就会守候在红嘴鸥聚集区域，投喂食物、劝导游人文明赏鸥、用相机记录红嘴鸥灵动的身姿。

　　“我们每天上午八点半到九点，下午三点到四点投喂红嘴鸥，这些鸥粮、小鱼虾都是红嘴鸥喜爱的食物，湿地中心的小岛上还会撒玉米、高粱等，供所有鸟儿食用。”庞秋霞喜欢红嘴鸥，“它们有灵性，亲人，一声招呼就飞过来吃食了。”

　　位于河南中部的平顶山又称“鹰城”，是一座典型的资源型工业城市，煤炭储量丰富。最近十年，该市生态环境有了可喜的变化，曾经的“半城煤灰半城土”已蜕变为“半城山水满城绿”。

　　“鸟儿用翅膀为城市投票。”白龟山湿地省级自然保护区管理中心主任张立峰说，近十年来，平顶山生态环境改善显著，尤其水质、沿湖生态进一步好转，这是红嘴鸥与中原煤城的“双向奔赴”。

　　冬日赏鸥成为平顶山的一道风景。　庞秋霞 摄

　　在红嘴鸥集中的白龟湖区域，为保护水质，平顶山自2016年起对湖中的养鱼网箱进行清理，取缔湖中沙岛及沿湖50余家餐馆，清理地笼、旅游快艇、采砂船等，并对注湖河流进行在线断面监控，时刻掌握上游水质情况。

　　为保护湖区生态，该市在沿岸持续植树造林，全面绿化周边及入湖河流沿岸。每年3月，平顶山统一开展增殖放流活动，严厉打击违法捕捞行为，并依据自然保护区相关条例，推进湖区禁渔，减少湖面的人为干扰。

　　张立峰说，为了留住红嘴鸥，平顶山向昆明林业部门“取经”，精心选购鸥粮，每天定时、定点、定量人工投喂100余公斤饲料，让红嘴鸥有充足的食物。

　　平顶山还出台了红嘴鸥保护方案，并与科研院校一起加强对鸟类的监测和研究。除了红嘴鸥年年到访，当地还监测到黑脸琵鹭、蓑羽鹤的身影，青头潜鸭、中华秋沙鸭、黑鹳、东方白鹳等珍稀鸟类也频频现身，白琵鹭、豆雁、白鹭、鸬鹚更是常见。到2027年，来平顶山过冬的候鸟总数预计将达3万只。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）